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​climate refugees in Ningxia, China
Ningxia Research on demography and social equality

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Issues of Concern

Livelihood Disruption

Many migrants were relocated to areas requiring different farming techniques.  

Cultural Adaptation

​Relocated communities with distinct cultural or religious identities like the Hui minority, may encounter difficulties adapting to the new areas.

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Psychological Strain

​Loss of ancestral homes, disruption of social networks, and adaptation to new environments contribute to emotional challenges for migrants.​

Inadequate Support

Some resettlement areas lack sufficient infrastructure, including healthcare, education, and transportation.

Legal Rights

 Migrants may face difficulties in securing land rights in new locations, leading to uncertainties and potential disputes over land use and ownership.

Consent Rights

Migrants were often forcibly required to abandon their ancestral land rights in exchange for promises of new homes, land, and services.

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